Security within retail environments has traditionally focused on physical controls — tagging, barriers, and post-event surveillance. While these measures remain necessary, they are inherently reactive.

Escalating Deterrence Principles Security lighting is often treated as a binary function — either on or off — yet this oversimplifies how deterrence actually works

The installation of security lighting is often treated as a straightforward electrical task. In many cases, responsibility is assigned based on availability rather than suitability,